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窥视恐惧症 原来“恐惧症”也分这么多种,你有这些症状吗?

38次浏览     发布时间:2022-08-09 17:15:47    

很多人都有恐惧的东西,有的甚至有些“奇怪”,有些“小众”,但其实很多恐惧都有专门的名字,有人正在恐惧着你的恐惧。

“Phobia” comes from Greek word “phobos” meaning fear, horror. And all the words formed using this root would reflect this very same fear.

“Phobia”一词来源于希腊语单词”phobos”,意思是害怕、恐惧。所有以它为词根的单词都表示某种恐惧。

这些恐惧可能会带来各种不同的症状,如颤抖(trembling),想吐(feeling nauseated),无法呼吸(shortness of breath),心跳加快(racing heart),掌心流汗(sweaty palms)等等。

了解并学会应对这些恐惧,才能与其和平共处,下面就让我们一起来“直面恐惧”吧。

Arachnophobia

/əˌræknəˈfəʊbiə/

蜘蛛恐惧症

蜘蛛恐惧症指对蜘蛛和其他蛛形纲动物(包括蜘蛛、蝎子、螨和蜱)的强烈恐惧。

Arachnophobia, otherwise known as spider phobia, is the intense fear of spiders and other arachnids.

When in contact with, or thinking about arachnids, individuals will likely feel fear and experience symptoms of anxiety almost immediately.

接触到或者想到蜘蛛就可能感到恐惧,几乎马上产生焦虑的症状。

这种恐惧有可能是与生俱来的(hard-wired),也可能和文化宗教相关,遗传因素(genetic or family influences)也占一定的比例。

Anthropophobia

/ˌænθrəpəˈfəʊbɪə/

社交恐惧症

社交恐惧症指对于人的害怕,和所处的环境无关。亲切有爱的亲戚和拥挤公交车上的陌生人一样让有社交恐惧的人感到威胁。

In anthropophobia, the fear is literally of other people, regardless of the situation in which they are encountered. Relatives who are known for being kind and loving are perceived as the same level of threat as strangers on a crowded bus.

Like all phobias, previous experiences can increase the risk of developing anthropophobia. There may be culturally specific elements to this diagnosis.

像所有恐惧症一样,以前的经历会增加患社交恐惧症的风险。恐惧可能与特定的文化因素有关。

“社交恐惧症”也可以说“social phobia”。

Acrophobia

/ˌækrəˈfəʊbɪə/

恐高症

图源:verywellmind

恐高症指对身处一定程度以上的高度感到恐惧,严重性不同,恐惧高度也不同,有人爬梯子就会恐惧而有人则是站在高楼楼顶才感到恐惧。

Acrophobia is defined as a fear of heights. It can cause you to fear a variety of things related to being far from the ground. Depending on the phobia’s severity, you may fear being on a high floor of a building as much as simply climbing a ladder.

与所有恐惧症一样,恐高症似乎是正常恐惧的过度反应。它可能是后天习得的,也可能是天生的。

Acrophobia, like all phobias, appears to be a hyper-reaction of the normal fear response. This may be a learned response to either a previous fall or a parent’s nervous reaction to heights.

Acrophobia seems to be at least partially ingrained, possibly as an evolutionary survival mechanism.

Anatidaephobia

/’ænətaidi:ˈfəʊbɪə/

鸭窥恐惧症

The term anatidaephobia originates from the name for the biological family of waterfowl that includes geese and ducks (‘Anatidae’) and the Greek word for fear (‘phóbos’).

“anatidaephobia”一词来源于水禽生物家族(包括鸭和鹅)的名字“Anatidae”和希腊语中表示恐惧的词“phóbos”。

“The fear that somewhere, somehow, a duck is watching you.”

“感觉在某个地方一只鸭子正在看着你而害怕。”

这种恐惧大多来源于与鸭子之间不好的回忆,比如被鸭子咬,追赶或攻击(being bitten, chased, or attacked by a duck or flock of ducks)。

Trypophobia

/ ˌtrɪp əˈfoʊ bi ə /

密集恐惧症

Trypophobia is often described as “the fear of holes,” but it is important to note that it may also apply to bumps or other patterns that are closely clustered together.

密集恐惧症通常描述为对于洞洞的恐惧,但是需要注意的是它也适用于一些凸起的形状或者其他紧密聚在一起的图案。

密孔物体可能让人联想到病变的皮肤,寄生虫和其他传染病,或者是危险的动物,从而引发一系列恶心害怕的反应,有研究也表示这种恐惧可能来源于对于密孔物体本身的反应(related to the visual patterns themselves)。

Pteronophobia

/təˈra noʊˈfəʊbɪə/

恐羽毛症

Pteronophobia is the fear of feathers, feathered objects, or being tickled by feathers. The word “pteronophobia” comes from Greek “ftero” which means feathers and “phobos” meaning fear or deep aversion.

这种恐惧症害怕羽毛,有羽毛的物体或者是被羽毛挠痒。“pteronophobia”一词来自于表示羽毛的希腊语“ftero”和意思为恐惧、厌恶的希腊语“phobos”。

图源:wikia.org

小的时候在婴儿车里面被戴着羽毛帽子的怪阿姨窥视了,抑或是被羽毛枕头打过都可能产生这种恐惧症。羽毛产生的不好联想,如不干净,也可能让人害怕被污染。

A toddler may have been frightened in his stroller or pram by a strange woman wearing a feathered hat peeking down at him/her. A child might have been traumatized or abused with a feathered pillow.

Nomophobia

/na moʊˈfəʊbɪə/

无手机恐惧症

Nomophobia is an abbreviated form of “no-mobile-phone phobia.”

无手机恐惧症害怕没有手机,包括丢失,忘记或者损坏手机,还包括失去手机联系。

图源:chargeitspot

这种恐惧症产生的原因,可能是因为手机在日常生活中的角色太重要了(usefulness for daily tasks),每天用得太多了(amount of use each day),对于在数字技术时代成长起来的一代人,这种恐惧可能因为科技已经成为他们生活中的一部分(familiarity with technology)。

图源:chargeitspot

Chiclephobia

/′chik·əlˈfəʊbɪə/

口香糖恐惧症

对于口香糖的恐惧有多种表现形式,常见的有自己嚼口香糖(actually chewing gum yourself),靠近嚼口香糖的人(coming close to a person chewing gum),或者是看到嚼过的口香糖(the sight of previously chewed gum)。

小时候的经历可能导致口香糖恐惧症的产生,比如小时候无意间在课桌下摸到一个嚼完的口香糖,或者是吹泡泡的时候炸了自己一脸。

图源:Pinterest

Claustrophobia

/‚klȯs·trə′fō·bē·ə/

幽闭恐惧症

图源:verywellmind

幽闭恐惧症是对封闭空间的一种焦虑症,幽闭恐惧症患者在某些情况下,例如电梯、车厢或机舱内,可能发生恐慌症状,或者害怕会发生恐慌症状。

Claustrophobia is defined as a fear of enclosed spaces. You may experience symptoms in small rooms, crawl spaces, crowds, and many other situations.

图源:verywellhealth

这种恐惧症可能也和以前的经历有关,会影响到生活比如旅行时坐飞机,火车会感到不舒服,给自己增加过度的压力会影响到健康。

Being claustrophobic can severely limit your life, causing you to miss out on things you would otherwise enjoy and even place undue stress on your health. For example, claustrophobia can be a challenge when it comes to travel.

如何应对这些恐惧呢?最靠谱的就是认知行为疗法:通过改变自己对于某种事物的负面看法,从而缓解恐惧情绪;以及暴露疗法:逐渐暴露在害怕的事物面前直到不再产生恐惧反应。

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a process that involves addressing the negative and irrational thought patterns that contribute to maladaptive behaviors.

Exposure therapy, which involves being exposed to a fear object, usually gradually and systematically, until the object no longer triggers a fear response.

了解恐惧也很重要,知道恐惧产生的原因后能够更理性地来看待它。

你还有什么害怕的东西吗?说出来一起克服它吧!

编辑:左卓 商桢

实习生:向静雅

来源:verywellmind; fearof

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